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\title{{\Large Automatic translation from North to Lule Sámi}}
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North and Lule Sámi are closely related languages. In a test project, we picked a part of the Lule Sámi and North Sámi lexicon and made use of our simple North-Lule Sámi bilingual dictionary to start a rule-based automatic machine translation program in Apertium \begin{footnotesize} \url{http://www.apertium.org} \end{footnotesize}, which has been used for a number of Romance language such as Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, French, Occitan, Galician, but also Basque and English.

We started out with a set of 14 testsentences, most of them taken from the North Sámi Wikipedia.

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Our first goal is to get them to work.

Francis Tyers (Aperitum, Alicante) and Linda Wiechetek (Giellatekno, Tromsø) are currently working on the project.





 


\section{First results:}

If I want to translate a sentence from North Sámi ($sme$) to Lule Sámi ($smj$), I write for example:

\begin{verbatim}
echo "Sámegielat Wikipedias leat dál 2,717 artihkkala". 
| apertium -d . sme-smj
\end{verbatim}
and I get the following output

\begin{verbatim}
Sámegielak Wikipedian li dálla 2,717 artihkkala.
\end{verbatim}

In the terminal, this looks as follows: % God løsning :)

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\section{Prerequisites}

In order to get a working MT system, we need different components:

\begin{enumerate}
\item a number of lexica \begin{itemize}
	\item the smj monolingual lexicon \textbf{apertium-sme-smj.smj.dix}
	\item the sme monolingual lexicon \textbf{apertium-sme-smj.sme.dix}
	\item a bilingual lexicon from sme to smj \textbf{apertium-sme-smj.sme-smj.dix}
	\end{itemize}
\item a PoS annotator, a syntactic parser
\item (structural) rules \begin{itemize}
	\item  \textbf{apertium-sme-smj.sme-smj.t1x}
	\item  \textbf{apertium-sme-smj.sme-smj.t2x}
	\item  \textbf{apertium-sme-smj.sme-smj.t3x}
	\end{itemize}
\item a postprocessor \textbf{apertium-sme-smj.post-smj.dix}
\end{enumerate}

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\section{Challenges}

\begin{itemize}
\item make structural rules that determine when sme locative is translated into smj elative or inessive
in a way  the computer understands it (e.g. habitive constructions, adverbials of stative verbs)
\item get a good bilingual dictionary, right now the dictionary is incomplete and we mostly work with one-to-one relations between words
\item postprocessing, orthographic context-dependent changes in smj (such as forms of liehket in vowel contexts)
\item change of word order, when does SVO become SOV and again how do we get the computer to distinguish that
\end{itemize}


The default translation of North Sámi locative is with Lule Sámi elative:

\begin{verbatim}
echo "Son beroštii arkeologalaš bargguin, ja son čokkii 
dávviriid ja dávttiid boares hávddiin." 
| apertium -d . sme-smj

Sån berustij arkeologalasj bargojs, ja sån tjåkkij 
dávverijt ja dávtijt boares hávdijs.
\end{verbatim}

When the sentence contains a stative verb, such as \textit{ásset}, locative is translated as inessive.

\textbf{Translation of sme locative with stative verbs such as ásset}
\begin{verbatim}
echo "Sámit dahjege sápmelaččat ásset Ruoššas, Suomas ja 
Norggas." 
| apertium -d . sme-smj
... årru Ruossjan, Suoman ja Vuonan.
\end{verbatim}


\section{Goal}

The ultimate goal is to have everthing on a nice graphical interface and make it freely available
such as other rule-based machine translation programs as Apertium and GramTrans

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