Plains Cree verb morphology The Plains Cree verbs are divided in four groups: # AI: Animate intransitive # II: Inanimate intransitive # TA: Transitive animate # TI: Transitive inanimate !!!Prefixes LEXICON VerbPrefixes divides the lexicon into four modes: independent, conjunctive, imperative and future conditional * @U.order.indep@ INDEPENDENT ; * @U.order.cnj@ CONJUNCT ; * IMPERATIVE ; * FUTURE_CONDITIONAL ; LEXICON INDEPENDENT gives flags and prefixes for personprefix LEXICON IND_TENSE gives flags and prefixes for tense LEXICON FUTURE_CONDITIONAL gives flags for future conditional (no prefix) LEXICON CONJUNCT gives flag for conjunctive and prefix ê-, kâ-, kâki- LEXICON CNJ_TENSE gives prefixes and flags for tense in conjunctive LEXICON IMPERATIVE gives flag for imperative (no prefixes) Words marked GG are from Plains Cree Grammar guide and glossary Preverbs LEXICON PREVERBS just adds the prefix boundary Now, lexc directs us to the ../stems/verbs.lexc file, where we find all the verbal stems. The suffixes are then found in the section "Suffixes" right underneath. !!!Suffixes fst: AICONJ: stem AICONJw: stem (excl w) Wolv: AICONJ_n AICONJ_w LEXICON TACONJ_3 TACONJ_2 ; LEXICON TACONJ_4 TACONJ_2 ; Intransitive inanimate (II) LEXICON VIIw LEXICON VIIw_SG LEXICON VIIw_PL LEXICON VIIn LEXICON VIIn_SG LEXICON VIIn_PL LEXICON VIIw_ORDER LEXICON VIIw_SG_ORDER singular only LEXICON VIIw_PL_ORDER plural only LEXICON VIIn_ORDER LEXICON VIIn_SG_ORDER singular only LEXICON VIIn_PL_ORDER plural only LEXICON VIIw_SG_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VIIw_SG_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VIIw_PL_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VIIw_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VIIn_SG_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VIIn_SG_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VIIn_PL_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VIIn_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VIIw_IND_PERSON LEXICON VIIw_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VIIw_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VIIw_SG_IND_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIw_SG_CNJ_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIw_SG_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIw_PL_IND_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIw_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIn_IND_PERSON LEXICON VIIn_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VIIn_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VIIn_SG_IND_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIn_SG_CNJ_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIn_SG_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIn_PL_IND_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIn_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIn_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only LEXICON VIIw_IND_NULL LEXICON VIIw_IND_SG_SUFFIX singular LEXICON VIIw_IND_PL_SUFFIX plural LEXICON VIIn_IND_NULL LEXICON VIIn_IND_SG_SUFFIX w final singular LEXICON VIIn_IND_PL_SUFFIX w final plural LEXICON VIIw_CNJ_NULL LEXICON VIIw_CNJ_SG_SUFFIX singular LEXICON VIIw_CNJ_PL_SUFFIX plural LEXICON VIIn_CNJ_NULL LEXICON VIIn_CNJ_SG_SUFFIX w final singular LEXICON VIIn_CNJ_PL_SUFFIX w final plural LEXICON VIIw_FUT_CON_NULL LEXICON VIIw_FUT_CON_SG_SUFFIX singular LEXICON VIIw_FUT_CON_PL_SUFFIX plural LEXICON VIIn_FUT_CON_NULL LEXICON VIIn_FUT_CON_SG_SUFFIX w final singular LEXICON VIIn_FUT_CON_PL_SUFFIX w final plural Intransitive animate (AI) LEXICON VAIw LEXICON VAIw_PL LEXICON VAIn LEXICON VAIn_PL LEXICON VAIw_ORDER LEXICON VAIw_PL_ORDER plural only LEXICON VAIn_ORDER LEXICON VAIn_PL_ORDER plural only LEXICON VAIw_PL_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VAIw_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VAIn_PL_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VAIn_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VAIw_IND_PERSON LEXICON VAIw_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VAIw_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VAIw_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VAIw_PL_IND_PERSON plural only LEXICON VAIw_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only LEXICON VAIw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only LEXICON VAIw_PL_IMP_PERSON plural only LEXICON VAIn_IND_PERSON LEXICON VAIn_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VAIn_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VAIn_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VAIn_PL_IND_PERSON plural only LEXICON VAIn_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only LEXICON VAIn_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only LEXICON VAIn_PL_IMP_PERSON plural only LEXICON VAIw_IND_NI LEXICON VAIw_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_IND_KI LEXICON VAIw_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_IND_NULL LEXICON VAIw_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_IND_NI LEXICON VAIn_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_IND_KI LEXICON VAIn_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_IND_NULL LEXICON VAIn_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_CNJ_NULL LEXICON VAIw_CNJ_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_CNJ_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_CNJ_NULL LEXICON VAIn_CNJ_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_CNJ_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_FUT_CON_NULL LEXICON VAIw_FUT_CON_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIw_FUT_CON_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_FUT_CON_NULL LEXICON VAIn_FUT_CON_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VAIn_FUT_CON_NULL_PL_SUFFIX Transitive inanimate (TI) * LEXICON VTI * LEXICON VTI_PL Plural * LEXICON VTIw NOTE: These inflect just as VAI -w final stems, so they are redirected to those paradigms LEXICON VTIt_ORDER . LEXICON VTIt_PL_ORDER plural only NOTE: imperative and fut con go straight to person lexica LEXICON VTIt_PL_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTIt_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTIt_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTIt_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTIt_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTIt_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VTIt_PL_IND_PERSON plural only LEXICON VTIt_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only LEXICON VTIt_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only LEXICON VTIt_PL_IMP_PERSON plural only LEXICON VTIt_IND_NI LEXICON VTIt_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTIt_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTIt_IND_KI LEXICON VTIt_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTIt_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTIt_IND_NULL LEXICON VTIt_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX NOTE: X actor will eventually derive to VII, so it is not yet included as per Arok's paradigm LEXICON VTIt_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTIt_CNJ_NULL LEXICON VTIt_CNJ_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTIt_CNJ_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTIt_FUT_CON_NULL LEXICON VTIt_FUT_CON_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTIt_FUT_CON_NULL_PL_SUFFIX Transitive inanimate (TA) The VTA verbs split in different orders. There are 5 stem classes in Wolv, 1-5 (VTA-1 through VTA-5) LEXICON TACONJ_1 Regular verbs * LEXICON TACONJ_2 -Vw stem-ending verbs; where + i suf deletes w and i * LEXICON TACONJ_2-PL -Vw stem-ending verbs; when deletes w and i plural only forms * LEXICON TACONJ_3 -Cw stem-ending verbs; where w and i fuse to o * LEXICON TACONJ_4 -t stem-ending verbs; where t becomes s in some cases * LEXICON TACONJ_5 verbs that take a -i in 2sg imm. imp. due to moraic constraints * LEXICON TACONJ_5-TS verbs that take a -i in 2sg imm. imp. due to moraic constraints, but also have stem final t becoming s in some cases. LEXICON VTACONJ_WICI Regular verbs * LEXICON VTACONJvw_WICI -Vw stem-ending verbs; where + i suf deletes w and i * LEXICON VTACONJvw_PL_WICI -Vw stem-ending verbs; when deletes w and i plural only forms * LEXICON VTACONJcw_WICI -Cw stem-ending verbs; where w and i fuse to o * LEXICON VTACONJt_WICI -t stem-ending verbs; where t becomes s in some cases * LEXICON VTACONJi_WICI verbs that take a -i in 2sg imm. imp. due to moraic constraints * LEXICON VTACONJti_WICI verbs that take a -i in 2sg imm. imp. due to moraic constraints, but also have stem final t becoming s in some cases LEXICON VTA_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don't take tense LEXICON VTAvw_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don't take tense LEXICON VTAvw_PL_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don't take tense LEXICON VTAcw_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don't take tense LEXICON VTAcw_PL_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don't take tense LEXICON VTAt_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don't take tense ; Independent is same as TA regular LEXICON VTAi_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don't take tense ; Conjugates as TA regular except in 2sg IMM IMP LEXICON VTAti_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don't take tense ; Independent is as TA regular, Imp as TAi, all else is as TAt LEXICON VTAvw_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAvw_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAvw_PL_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAvw_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAcw_IND_TENSE LEXICON VTAcw_CNJ_TENSE LEXICON VTAcw_PL_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAcw_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAt_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAt_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAi_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAi_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAti_IND_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTAti_CNJ_TENSE plural only LEXICON VTA_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTA_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTA_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTA_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VTAvw_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTAvw_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTAvw_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTAvw_IMP_PERSON Identical to TA IMP LEXICON VTAvw_PL_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTAvw_PL_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTAvw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTAvw_PL_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VTAcw_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTAcw_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTAcw_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTAcw_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VTAcw_PL_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTAcw_PL_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTAcw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTAcw_PL_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VTAt_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTAt_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTAt_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTAt_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VTAi_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTAi_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTAi_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTAi_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VTAti_IND_PERSON LEXICON VTAti_CNJ_PERSON LEXICON VTAti_FUT_CON_PERSON LEXICON VTAti_IMP_PERSON LEXICON VTA_IND_NI NOTE: No local, as local forms are always with ki- LEXICON VTA_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTA_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTA_IND_KI LEXICON VTA_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTA_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTA_IND_NULL NOTE: never local LEXICON VTA_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTA_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAvw_IND_NI NOTE: No local, as local forms are always with ki- LEXICON VTAvw_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAvw_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAvw_IND_KI LEXICON VTAvw_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAvw_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAvw_IND_NULL NOTE: never local LEXICON VTAvw_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAvw_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAcw_IND_NI NOTE: No local, as local forms are always with ki- LEXICON VTAcw_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAcw_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAcw_IND_KI LEXICON VTAcw_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAcw_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAcw_IND_NULL NOTE: never local LEXICON VTAcw_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAcw_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAt_IND_KI LEXICON VTAt_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX LEXICON VTAt_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~