Documentation of Southern Sámi rules

Introduction

This rule formalism is fundamentally different from the one utilized for Northern Sámi. Whereas Northern Sámi is modeled as a lexical transducer, Southern Sámi uses Koskenniemis original morphophonological approach.

The Alphabet section

The alphabet consists of the letters, the English alphabet, the Norwegian and Swedish letters (they are used interchangibly), and the letter ï. The Norwegian and Swedish letters are used interchangeably, and i is often used for ï. This alternation is taken care of by the preprocessorfile spellrelax.regex. Note that when generating words, ï must be used correctly. When foreign names are added, the alphabet section should be enlarged to the rest of the western european letters.

The two-letter symbols A1 etc. are morphophonemes, i.e. abstractions over sets of phonemes alternating with each other, e.g. in Umlaut. They are used as indicated below:

[Todo: rewrite this in a general way, and not only to nouns. Link it to umlaut erc., in order to make the explanation cover the verbs and adjectives as well.]

 Explanations:
 A1 = illative singular vowel
 A2 = ending vowel in words like 'maana'
 A3 = second vowel in words like 'daktere'
 A4 = first vowel in words like 'jeptsie'
 E1 = first vowel in words like 'sjiellie'
 U2 = ending vowel in words like 'nïejte'
 I1 = ie in all cases except ending vowel in words like 'gåetie'
 I2 = ending vowel in words like 'gåetie'
 I3 = first vowel of many case endings
 I4 = ending vowel on all nouns on three syllables, like 'gierehtse'
 O1 = oe in all cases except ending vowel in words like 'bearkoe'
 O2 = ending vowel in words like 'bearkoe'
 U1 = first vowel in words like 'njueslie'
 Æ  = first vowel in words like 'klihtie'
 Å1 = first vowel in words like 'gullie'
 Å2 = first vowel in words like 'gaevlie'
 Å3 = first vowel in words like 'gåetie' when umlauting in plural
 Å4 = first vowel in words like 'gåetie' when not umlauting in plural
 D1 = possible doubling of preceeding consonant
 ... more to come for sure ;)

Rules section

Cf. the NJL article, and Karttunen's (written) comments.

The main challenge is to rewrite the rules in order to make them work for verbs as well as for nouns.

Bisyllabic stem rules

ie rules

I2 is either realised as ie, e or 0.

Trond Trosterud, Sjur N. Moshagen

Last modified: Mon May 6 09:12:43 CEST 2002