ActiveLayerIndex 0 ApplicationVersion com.omnigroup.OmniGrafflePro 138.5.0.113726 AutoAdjust BackgroundGraphic Bounds {{0, 0}, {1168.32, 819.32}} Class SolidGraphic ID 2 Style shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO CanvasOrigin {0, 0} ColumnAlign 1 ColumnSpacing 36 CreationDate 2007-01-29 16:49:17 +0100 Creator Trond Trosterud DisplayScale 1.000 cm = 1.000 cm GraphDocumentVersion 6 GraphicsList Bounds {{287.781, 678.487}, {183.604, 94.5135}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 361 ImageID 114 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Bounds {{723, 284.617}, {202.918, 42.9391}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 354 ImageID 113 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Bounds {{723.36, 248.801}, {202.918, 30}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 328 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 Breaking down the precision numbers on type of feedback, we get the picture below. Of 27 errouneous judgements, 16 were due to technical malfunction, 9 to wrong syntactical and 2 to wrong lexical analysis.} VerticalPad 0 AllowConnections NO Bounds {{718.645, 162.985}, {211.711, 80}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Italic Size 18 ID 351 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 For Sahka and Vasta we measured \i precision \i0 (correctly identified errors/all diagnostised errors), \i recall \i0 (correctly identified errors/all errors), and \i accuracy \i0 (correct judgements/cases). For the error types we target, precision = 0.85, recall = 0.93, and accuracy = 0.89 (N=277). Better recall than precision indicates that very few errors slip through, at the price of erroneously identifying some correct forms as errors. In this pedagogical setting, a goal for future work is improving precision (avoiding erroneous error flagging).} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{722.663, 142.19}, {140.476, 16.31}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 346 ImageID 109 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Bounds {{504.122, 617.904}, {145.81, 164}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 344 ImageID 107 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Bounds {{937.719, 570}, {149.964, 15.2977}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 343 ImageID 106 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Class LineGraphic ID 341 Points {525, 254.93} {524.648, 275.415} Style stroke HeadArrow FilledArrow LineType 1 TailArrow 0 Bounds {{1092.5, 14.1264}, {54.7252, 54.6668}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 340 ImageID 104 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Bounds {{877.326, 394}, {28.8001, 28.8001}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 338 ImageID 54 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{944.667, 215.686}, {202.918, 44}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 337 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs24 \cf0 Acknowledgements\ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\fs14 \cf0 Thanks to the faculty of Humanities at the University of Troms\'f8, and the S\'e1mi Parliament in Norway, for funding the project.\ } VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{507.536, 405.412}, {367.464, 134.588}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 336 ImageID 102 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 AllowConnections NO Bounds {{15.4486, 411.83}, {117, 14}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText YES Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Italic Size 18 ID 333 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qj\pardirnatural \f0\fs24 \cf0 Pedagogical lexicon} VerticalPad 0 Wrap NO Bounds {{943.819, 277.791}, {203.766, 54}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 332 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qj\pardirnatural \f0\fs24 \cf0 Article version of this poster:\ \pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qj\pardirnatural \f1\fs14 \cf0 Antonsen, Lene, Saara Huhmarniemi and Trond Trosterud 2009: Interactive pedagogical programs based on constraint grammar. Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics. \i Nealt Proceedings Series \i0 4. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/handle/10062/9206} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{722.866, 733}, {190.149, 40}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 330 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 In the grammar feedback library, the tag in question looks up a message in the appropriate interface language (in this example, English), and the user is presented with the feedback \i The answer should contain an illative \i0 , as shown in the picture above.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{610.479, 186.019}, {91.1548, 130}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 327 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 The morphological analyser gives the words in \i Makk\'e1r l\'e1ibeg\'e1lvvuid don h\'e1liidat? \i0 \'93What kind of bakery do you want?\'94 all possible morpho- logical analyses.\ \ \ \ The CG grammar then picks the correct analysis, and adds grammatical function and dependency structure.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{487.477, 275.415}, {112.206, 48.9477}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 326 ImageID 98 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{488.87, 177.808}, {72.0001, 74.2227}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 325 ImageID 97 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{488.87, 93.8077}, {212.763, 84}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 324 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs24 \cf0 Constraint Grammar (CG)\ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\fs14 \cf0 Constraint grammar is a syntactic framework for choosing correct grammatical analysis of a given wordform, based upon the context it occurs within. Each rule removes or selects readings, and adds or removes a syntactic tag. Inappropriate analyses are removed, but the last analysis is never removed. CG thus always gives an analysis, and is therefore a very robust framework, well fit to handle potentially erroneous input.\ } VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{15.4486, 425.83}, {109.083, 130}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Roman Size 6 ID 209 Shape Rectangle Style shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 The OAHPA! programs share a set of common resources: a pedago-gical lexicon and a morphological generator that is used for generating the different word forms that appear in the programs. The dialectal variation is taken into account in the lexicon as well as in the morphology. The semantic class is used in the sentence generator for Vasta and Morfa-C. The lexical entry for \i monni \i0 \'93egg\'94 is given to the right.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{122.178, 432.262}, {120.309, 110}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 290 ImageID 76 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{19.539, 351.836}, {212.763, 40}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 323 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 The OAHPA! programs are freely available at \i http://oahpa.uit.no \i0 . The programs include basic morphological exercise ( \i Morfa-S \i0 ), question-answer drill ( \i Vasta \i0 ), word quiz ( \i Leksa \i0 ), morphological exercises in a sentential frame ( \i Morfa-C \i0 ), dialogue program ( \i Sahka \i0 ) and a numeral quiz ( \i Numra \i0 ).} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{288.866, 363.897}, {591, 22}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText YES Flow Resize ID 322 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qj\pardirnatural \f0\fs36 \cf0 CG-parsing in the interactive free-text analysis programs Vasta and Sahka} VerticalPad 0 Wrap NO Bounds {{854.252, 544.224}, {28.8001, 28.8001}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 257 ImageID 54 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{883.719, 543.504}, {28.8001, 29.5201}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 256 ImageID 55 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{938.068, 593.966}, {187.605, 20}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 317 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 There are several links in the dialogue, one of them is connected to the \i &dia-hivsset \i0\b \b0 tag:} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{938.068, 691.904}, {187.605, 90}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 316 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 Every question has its own unique id, which is used for navigating between questions. There are both general navigation rules and rules for specific questions, like the one above. \ \ Age-tags are assigned with help of regex-rules to the answer to the question \'93How old are you?\'94. With help of these tags the system chooses a dialogue branch containing questions relevant to the student's age. \ } VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{506.81, 558.927}, {193.007, 50}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 315 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 Above is a part of a dialogue in Sahka on furnishing a flat. Below is the analysis of the third question-answer pair from the dialogue. The morphological analysis is disambiguated and a grammar-error-tag ( \i &grm-missing-Ill \i0 ) and a navigation-tag ( \i &dia-hivsset \i0 ) are assigned to the analysis:} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{725, 684}, {138, 40}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 304 ImageID 90 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{19.8606, 690.5}, {106.071, 39.0974}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 292 ImageID 78 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{140.781, 688.264}, {83.104, 50}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 289 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 The system-internal repre-sentation of \i monni \i0 states that it is a bisyllabic i-stem, which triggers i > \'e1 change in illative.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{142.048, 748.164}, {83.104, 50}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize ID 287 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 The user types the errou-neous \i monnii \i0 , and gets feedback from the machine. A correct answer gets green colour as feedback.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{19.8606, 784.164}, {99.6628, 14}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 286 ImageID 75 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{19.8606, 737.5}, {110.053, 18}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 285 ImageID 74 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{19.0685, 760.832}, {110.053, 18}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 284 ImageID 73 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{196.352, 548.694}, {28.8001, 28.8001}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 281 ImageID 72 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 AllowConnections NO Bounds {{16.0328, 568.165}, {212.763, 114}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Italic Size 18 ID 279 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs24 \cf0 Morphological feedback\ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\fs14 \cf0 If the user does not inflect the lemma correctly in the morphological exercises, she can ask for hints about the inflection, and try once more, instead of getting the correct answer straight away. \ \ The detailed feedback messages are determined by the combination of morphological features in the lexicon and the inflection task at hand. The morphological specification below gives a rule stating that there is a vowel change in illative singular for bisyllabic nouns that end with the vowel \i i \i0 . The corresponding feedback message instructs the user to remember the vowel change.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{934.902, 621.185}, {158.598, 61.3154}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 250 ImageID 39 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{1095.33, 375.702}, {28.8001, 28.8001}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 277 ImageID 54 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 AllowConnections NO Bounds {{720.316, 562.11}, {193.007, 114}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Italic Size 18 ID 255 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs24 \cf0 Grammar feedback\ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\fs14 \cf0 The system may give feedback to grammatical errors. In the third question in the dialogue above, the systems asks \'93In which room should we place the TV?\'94 The student answers \i Moai bidje TV hivssegis \i0 ("We should place the TV in the toilet"), with locative \i hivssegis \i0 rather than the correct illative \i hivssegii.\ \ \i0 The CG parser disambiguates the input, and the general CG rule below adds a grammar-error-tag ( \i &grm-missing-Ill \i0 ) to the sentence analysis triggered by the interrogative pronoun, which demands an illative in the answer.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{932.667, 394.667}, {193.007, 164}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Roman Size 6 ID 253 Shape Rectangle Style shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs24 \cf0 Navigation \fs12 \ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\fs14 \cf0 Navigating inside the dialogue is implemented by using CG rules. The user input is tagged during analysis with information on whether the answer is interpreted as af\uc0\u64257 rmative or negative. In addition, a special tag indicates whether the sentence contains some information that should be stored. The program is thus able to store simple information such as the student\'92s name, place where she lives and for example the type of her car, and use this information in tailored questions or utterances.\ \ In the example to the left the question is \'93In which room should we place the TV?\'94 One of the alternatives for the navigation is due to the target tag being assigned because of the lemma \i hivsset \i0 (\'93toilet\'94). The answer will be \'93That is not a good idea. Make a new try.\'94 The CG rule is made for this question-answer pair and assigns the navigation tag ( \i &dia-hivsset \i0 ) to the analysis:} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{18.7911, 186.609}, {210.179, 157.472}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 248 ImageID 57 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 AllowConnections NO Bounds {{718.145, 93.8077}, {212.763, 44}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Italic Size 18 ID 235 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs24 \cf0 Evaluation \b\fs12 \ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\b0\fs14 \cf0 OAHPA! has been in use for 3 months, and recieves appr. 500 queries every weekday, 53% of the queries were correct. By far the most popular program is the basic morphological drill, cf. usage statistics:} VerticalPad 0 AllowConnections NO Bounds {{284.199, 650.654}, {182, 14}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText YES Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Italic Size 18 ID 274 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qj\pardirnatural \f0\fs24 \cf0 Schematical view of the process} VerticalPad 0 Wrap NO AllowConnections NO Bounds {{285.146, 406.08}, {192.905, 170}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Italic Size 18 ID 229 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs14 \cf0 The programs are based upon free-form interaction: Within certain limits, the student may formulate her own answer.\ \ We use constraint grammar to disambiguate the student's input only to a certain extent, because there will probably be grammatical and orthographic errors. The manually written, context dependent rules are mainly used for selecting the correct analysis in case of homonymy. The last part of our grammar consists of rules for giving feedback to the student's grammatical errors, and rules for navigating to the correct next question of in the dialogue, depending upon the student's answer.\ \ The system question and student answer are merged and analysed together, delimited by the boundary marker \i ^qst QDL \i0 . They are first analysed morphologically, and are then disambiguated. If possible, they are assigned an error tag or a navigation tag.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{941.477, 88.3802}, {212.763, 98}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Roman Size 6 ID 210 Shape Rectangle Style shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs24 \cf0 Conclusion \fs30 \ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\fs14 \cf0 By using the syntactical analyser for North S\'e1mi, combined with a set of error-detection rules, we have been able to build a flexible CALL resource. The programs are modular, and the modules may be improved by adding more materials as words, tasks, dialogues, levels, words from textbooks. The CG parser framework was originally chosen as parser framework for S\'e1mi due to its extraordinary results for free-text parsing. The present project has shown that CG is well fit for making pedagogical dialogue systems as well.} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{251.49, 93.8077}, {219.895, 234}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Roman Size 6 ID 207 Shape Rectangle Style shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\ql\qnatural \f0\fs24 \cf0 Background and motivation \b\fs12 \ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\b0\fs14 \cf0 The pedagogical programs in OAHPA! are based upon three pre-existing language technology resources developed at the University of Troms\'f8: a morphological analyser/generator, a CG parser for North S\'e1mi and a number word generator compiled with the Xerox compiler xfst.\ \ The main goal of the development of OAHPA! is to make a language tutoring system going beyond simple multiple-choice questions or string matching algorithms, with free-form dialogues and sophisticated error analysis. Immediate error feedback and advice about morphology and grammar are seen as important requirements for the program.\ \ Due to its complex morphology, S\'e1mi demands a lot of practising before the student reaches a level of fluency required for everyday conversation. Our programs give a practical supplement to the instruction given at school or university. In addition, the dialogue program consists of everyday topics, with underlying pedagogical goals such as practicing verb inflection, choice of correct case form or vocabulary learning. \ \ The sentence generator in Morfa-C and Vasta is able to generate a virtually unlimited number of different tasks, and allows the student to use the programs over and over again.\ } VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{887.303, 4.57677}, {168, 66.2401}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 186 ImageID 31 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Bounds {{719.197, 68.115}, {83.104, 11}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color w 0 Font Helvetica Size 6 ID 183 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qj\pardirnatural \f0\i\b\fs18 \cf0 http://oahpa.uit.no} VerticalPad 0 Bounds {{15.4486, 93.8077}, {219.895, 94}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Times-Roman Size 6 ID 160 Shape Rectangle Style shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\fs24 \cf0 Abstract \b\fs12 \ \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f1\b0\fs14 \cf0 OAHPA! is a set of interactive parser-based CALL programs for North S\'e1mi, based on a finite state morphological analyser and a constraint grammar parser which is used for syntactic analysis and navigating in the dialogues. The CG parser provides effective and reliable handling of a wide variety of user input. Relaxation of the grammatical analysis of the user input enables grammatical error detection and reaction to the errors with appropriate feedback messages. \ } VerticalPad 0 Class LineGraphic FontInfo Font Helvetica Size 4 ID 84 Points {16.1628, 80.8956} {1154.24, 80.8956} {1150.67, 80.8956} Style stroke HeadArrow 0 LineType 1 TailArrow 0 Bounds {{16.4282, 57.911}, {642.031, 22}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText Vertical Flow Resize FontInfo Color b 0 g 0 r 0 Font Helvetica Size 24 ID 260 Shape Rectangle Style shadow Draws NO Fuzziness 0.0 stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 Times-Roman;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \deftab709 \pard\pardeftab709\ri0\sl200\qj \f0\i\b\fs18 \cf0 \shad\shadx15\shady-16\shadr0\shado85 \shadc0 Lene Antonsen, Saara Huhmarniemi, Trond Trosterud\ University of Troms\'f8, Norway, lene.antonsen@uit.no; saara.huhmarniemi@helsinki.fi; trond.trosterud@uit.no} VerticalPad 0 TextPlacement 0 Bounds {{258, 350.035}, {889.585, 449.655}} Class ShapedGraphic ID 182 Magnets {0, 1} {0, -1} {1, 0} {-1, 0} Shape Rectangle Style stroke CornerRadius 5 Text Align 3 Bounds {{19.2881, 22.3169}, {816, 34}} Class ShapedGraphic FitText YES Flow Resize ID 308 Shape Rectangle Style fill Draws NO shadow Draws NO stroke Draws NO Text Align 3 Pad 0 Text {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf949\cocoasubrtf460 {\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\qj\pardirnatural \f0\fs56 \cf0 Interactive Pedagogical Programs Based on Constraint Grammar } VerticalPad 0 Wrap NO GridInfo GuidesLocked NO GuidesVisible YES HPages 1 ImageCounter 115 ImageLinkBack ImageList image114.pdf image113.tiff image109.tiff image107.tiff image106.tiff image104.tiff image102.tiff image98.tiff image97.tiff image90.tiff image78.tiff image76.tiff image75.tiff image74.tiff image73.tiff image72.tiff image57.tiff image55.png image54.png image39.png image31.png KeepToScale Layers Lock NO Name Layer 1 Print YES View YES LayoutInfo Animate NO circoMinDist 18 circoSeparation 0.0 layoutEngine dot neatoSeparation 0.0 twopiSeparation 0.0 LinksVisible NO MagnetsVisible NO MasterSheets ModificationDate 2009-06-22 14:26:25 +0200 Modifier Trond Trosterud NotesVisible NO Orientation 2 OriginVisible NO OutlineStyle Basic PageBreaks YES PrintInfo NSBottomMargin float 11.34 NSLeftMargin float 11.34 NSOrientation int 1 NSPaperName string iso-a3 NSPaperSize size {1191, 842} NSRightMargin float 11.34 NSTopMargin float 11.34 PrintOnePage ReadOnly NO RowAlign 1 RowSpacing 36 SheetTitle Canvas 1 SmartAlignmentGuidesActive YES SmartDistanceGuidesActive YES UniqueID 1 UseEntirePage VPages 1 WindowInfo CurrentSheet 0 ExpandedCanvases Frame {{-196, 931}, {1789, 1169}} ListView OutlineWidth 142 RightSidebar ShowRuler Sidebar SidebarWidth 138 VisibleRegion {{122, 311}, {880.5, 509}} Zoom 2 ZoomValues Canvas 1 2 2.8399999141693115 saveQuickLookFiles YES