Tagging of Sami adpositions LAJ = I have tagged (or attempted to tag) this item LA: = Lene has written a comment or tag TIME = time expression, followed by the noun in all caps ERROR-ADP = something that is tagged as Pr or as Po that is not correct. ERROR-ADV = something that is tagged as Pr or as Po and should be Adv ERROR-OTHER = some other error (no hyph in tag) PL = plural POSTVERB = adposition comes after verb PREVERB = adposition comes before verb NOVERB = no finite verb (čiekčamat beaivvi miehtá -- as a title) (STATIVE = a “path” with no movement, as in Ole Henrik Magga lea dovddus miehtá máilbmi = EXTENT) MOTION = a path with movement through space, as in ...de fertii vuos vázzit miehtá Oslo... MOTION-FROM = Motion that comes from an extended area, as in Geaččit ledje boahtán miehtá Sámi REPEAT = This sentence appears twice HMM = I cannot understand what is going on in this sentence EXTENT = an activity that stretches over a space, as in Nuba vuosttaldit geassečuoigamiid, mat diibmá čogge duháha olbmo geasseorohaga jasaid miehtá. We protest against the summer ski competitions that collect a thousand people all over the snowdrifts of the summer residences. EXTENT-FROM = Activity that extends over a range of sources, as in Leat divrras čohkket čikčiid miehtá Sámi. EXTENT-SOUND = sound heard all through a place, as in Dánsenmusihkka ráhká miehtá sálá… EXTENT-KNOWN = sth is recognized or popular all through an area, as in Ole Henrik Magga leat dovddus miehtá máilmmi. EXTENT-PATH = similar to fictive motion, but no verb of motion, as in …de njáskai bálgá vuovdde čađa 'he trimmed the path through the forest' METAMOTION = metaphorical motion, as in Muhto mii eat gula dan šuohkanasa mii manná miehtá máilmmi. VERBNOUN = the associated action is expressed in a noun instead of a verb, as in ollu mátkkiin miehtá máilmmi FICTIVE-MOTION = motion verb is used in reference to an extent, as in Skutterluodda ... guora Idjavuonduoddara ... gieldda čađa.. 'The snowmobile path follows Idja-... through the municipality (gielda)... METATIME = metaphorical time, as in …girobarta Guovdageidnui mii lea ceavcán buot borggaid ja biekkaid čađa gitta dássázii. MEANS = Here through has the meaning of "by means of" and it a kind of metaphorical path, as in Eará ulbmil leat ahte deaivvadeapmi čađa addit nuoraide ipmárdusa eara (SIC -- SHOULD BE EARÁ) kultuvrra, giela ja girjjalašvuođa bird Barentsguovlus. SPLITVERB = When an auxiliary or modal or phrasal verb comes before the apposition, but the main verb comes after (began tagging this after about 15 cada_po sentences). PRE"GO" = expression is directly followed by go, as in Vihtta minuhta go gilvvohallan álggii…'5 minutes before he started competing…' ENDPOINT = focus only on the end of the implied path, as in Verddežat rájáid rastá 'Friends across the borders' METONYMTIME, as in V5-gilvui maid Bueng ja Gaup máhccaba Troandima maŋŋel Harstadii golggotmánu 17. beaivvi, goose V5-gilvvut dollojit. 'Bueng and Gaup also turn toward the V5 competition after Trondheim, going in the direction of Harstad on the 17th of October, where the V5 competitions are held.' miehta_po: GEASSI 'summer' IDJA 'night' IDJA PL DÁLVI 'winter' BEAIVI 'day' JASSA PL 'snowdrifts' GIĐĐA 'spring' DÁLVI JA GIĐĐA 'winter and spring' IEŽAS 'oneself' EUROHPA 'Europe' VAHKKU 'week' ŠILLJU 'yard' BÁLGGIS 'path' DUORASTAT 'Thursday' DÁSSI 'level' miehtá pr: ÁIDEGUORRA 'fenceline' ÁIGI 'time' (T) (LUOSSABVDIN) ÁIGI 'fishing season' BÁIKI 'place' (ÁRKTALAŠ) BIRAS '(Arctic) environment' DAVVIKALOHTTA 'Nordkalotten' DAVVI-NORGA 'Northern Norway' DAVVI-TROMSA 'Northern Troms' DÁLVI 'winter' (T) DEANU ČÁZÁDAT 'Tana river basin' DEATNU 'Tana' DIEVDOFÁPMU 'manliness? machismo?' DUOTTAR 'mountain plateau, plain' EUROHPA 'Europe' EUROPA 'Europe' FESTIVÁLA VAHKKU 'festival week' (T) FINNMÁRKU 'Finnmark' FINNMÁRKU JA ROMSA FINNMÁRKKUDUOTTAR 'Finnmark plain' FYLKA 'province' GÁRDI 'fence' GEASSI 'summer' (T) GIRKOSUOHKAN 'parish' GUOVDAGEAIDNU 'Kautokeino' (ÁRBEVIROLAŠ SÁMI) GUOVLU 'the traditional Sami lands' JAHKI 'year' (T) LAPPI LEATNA 'Lappi county' LÁHTTI 'floor' MÁILBMI 'world' MÁNNU 'month' (T) MÁRKAN 'market(place)' NORGA 'Norway' NORGA JA RUOŦŦA JA SÁPMI 'Norway and Sweden and Sami-land' OSLO RIIKA 'country' RUOŦŦA 'Sweden' SÁMEGUOVLU 'Sami region' SÁMI GUOVLU 'Sami region' SÁPMI 'Sami-land' SUOHKAN 'municipality' (GÁIVUONA) SUOHKAN SUOIDNEMÁNNU 'July' (T) SUOLU 'island' SUOPMA 'Finland' STUORALATNJA 'living-room' VAHKKOLOAHPPA 'weekend' (T) VÁGGI 'valley' VÁGGI (PROPER PLACE NAME) VIESSU 'house' A lot of miehta_pr EXTENT involves sounds or quiet heard over a place: Ja juovlabeaivi lei jaskat miehtá Vákki.'On Christmas Day it was quiet all over Vággi.' Also a lot of popularity, being known: Sámi allaskuvla lea bivnnut miehtá Sámi.'The Sami college is popular all over Sami-land.' cada po: AETAT AFS 'American Field Service' ARVI 'rain' ÁIBMU 'air' ÁIDI 'fence' ÁIGI PL 'time' ÁIGI SG 'time' ÁITTA PL JA GARAS 'threats and difficult situation' ÁLGOOÁHPPOKURSA 'beginner course' BALLU 'fear' BARGU 'work' BÁLVALUS PL 'service' BEAZEVUOVDI 'pine forest' BIEGGA PL (+ BORGA PL) 'wind and storm' (MUSIHKKA) BIHTTÁ PL 'piece' BIIBAL 'bible' BOAZODOALUŠIEHTADUS 'reindeer owners agreement' BOHCCI 'a straw' BUOLVA PL 'generation' CIELAHEAPMI JA CÁPMAHALLAN 'yelling and fighting' ČÁJÁLMAS PL 'performances' DAT DAT PL DAVVI GIRJI OS '(Sami publisher)' DÁLVEOROHAT 'winter residence' DÁT DEAIVVADEAPMI 'meeting, encounter' DIVOHAT 'repair shop' DOARJUN 'support(ing)' DOLLA PL 'fire' DUOLLU 'customs' DUTKAN 'research' EALLIN 'life' FEASKKIR PL 'entryway' GÁRDI 'fence' GEAFIVUOHTA 'poverty' GEAHČČALANÁŠŠI 'measure, attempt' GIELDA 'municipality' GILÁŠ 'little village' GILDE 'name of an organization' GILLI 'village' GILVU 'competition' GLÁSSARÁIGI 'hole in window' GORUT 'body' GUOHTUNEANAN PL 'grazing lands' GUOLDU 'drifting snow' GUOVDAGEAIDNU 'Kautokeino' IMAŠTALLAN (+ 2 other objects) 'wondering' (SIHKARVUOĐA) ISKKADEAPMI PL 'security control' ITALIA (80) JAHKI 'year' JAHKI PL 'years' JOHKAŠOAVVA JA MOHTORJIETNA 'the rushing of the river and the sound of the motor' LÁSE 'window' MÁRKAN 'town square' MÁZE MEDIA 'media' (GÁVPEJOHTO) MIELKEEARRI PL 'transferrable milk quotas' MIKROFOVDNA 'microphone' MOBILTELEFUVDNA 'mobile phone' NÁLLOČALBMI 'eye of a needle' NIEHKOMÁILBMI 'dreamworld' NUOHTTI 'fishnet' NUPPÁSTUTTINPROGRÁMMA 'program of reform' OADJOKÁNTUVRA 'social security office' OAHPPU 'knowledge' OAIDNU 'vision' OASSI PL 'part' OLMMOŠREGISTER PL 'registration offices' OLMMOŠVALVI 'crowd of people' (MIN) OVTTASBARGU '(our) collaboration' POLITIHKKA 'policy' POLITIHKKEN 'engaging in politics' PROGRÁMMA PL 'programs' (DÁRKILIS) PROSEASSA '(thorough) process' (SEAMMA) PROSEASSA '(the same) process' PROŠEAKTA 'project' RÁ '(? must be the name of some political organization)' RÁIGI 'hole' REGULERENPLÁNA PL 'regulation plans' REVRREBOHCCI PL 'pipelines' RIIKA 'country' ROASSU PL 'disasters' ROHTU 'thicket, undergrowth' RUOŦŦA 'Sweden' SÁMEDIGGI 'Sami parliament' SÁRGUNRÁIDU '(drawn) line (?)' SEAIDNI 'wall' SEAVDNJADAS 'mørketid' SKIERRI PL 'dwarfbirches' SKUVLA 'school' SOAHKI 'birch tree' STÁHTABUŠEAHTTA 'state budget' STÁHTA PENŠUVDNAFOANDA OLGORIIKA JA FITNODAT PL 'state pension fund and companies' SUODJALUS 'defense (zone in soccer)' SUOPMA 'Finland' ŠILLJU PL 'yards' TELEFUVDNA 'telephone' TV UKSA 'door' (STUORRA) VÁIVI '(big) problem' VERRÁT PL 'gate in a fence' VUOKTA PL 'hair' VUOVDI 'forest' cada pr: ÁIDI 'fence' ÁIGI PL 'time' ÁIGI SG 'time' ÁLGOVÁTTISVUOHTA PL 'initial difficulties' BIERGU 'flesh' BOAZODOALLOGUOVLU PL 'reindeer herding areas' BOAZOKOLLEKTIIVA 'reindeer collective' DAT (SEAIDNI) 'it (the wall)' DAT PL (= GISTÁT) 'them (gloves)' DÁHKKI 'roof' DÁLVEOROHAT 'šinter residential area' (GARRA) DÁRUIDUHTTINÁIGI 'the (tough) time of Norwegianization' (NORGGA) DIGGEVUOGÁDAT 'the Norwegian legal system' DUOLLJI 'reindeer hide' EALLU PL 'reindeer herd' EŊGELASGIELLA 'English language' FILBMA 'film' GASKA '(intervening) time period' GÁRDEUKSA 'gate' GÁRJIL 'Karelia' (Karelen) (GOALMMÁT) GEAHČČALEAPMI 'third test/trial' GIELDA 'municipality' (OLLES) GIRJI 'whole book' GORUT 'body' GULASKUDDAN 'inquiry' (SIN) GUOHTONEANAN PL 'grazinglands' GUOVDAGEAIDNU 'Kautokeino' (OLGORESTAURÁŊŊA) GOAVDEROHPI 'lean-to roof of the outdoor restaurant' GUOVLU PL 'region' IDJA 'night' (JUOHKE) JAHKI 'each year' KIRKOGÁRDDEROHTU (SÁMI) KULTUREANADAT 'the cultural terrain (of Sápmi)' LUJÁVRI (place name) (STUORRA ANEKEAHTES) LUONDDUGUOVLU PL 'nature regions' MIELGA 'chest of an animal' OĐĐAJAGIMÁNNU 'January' OROHAT PL 'residential area' RUOŦŦA 'Sweden' SEASTINBÁŊKU (name of a bank) SIVU 'the inside of a person' (G. LUNTTAID) SUODJALUS 'Kautokeino boys defense (in soccer)' (NORILD) SUODJALUS 'defense (in soccer)' SUOPMA 'Finnland' SUORBMA PL 'fingers' SREAŊGA PL 'wire' VÁIVI PL 'problem, trouble' VÁRRI 'mountain' VISOT MII LEA DADDJON 'everything that was said' VUOĐĐU 'background (information)' (STUORIS) VUOPMI PL, ÁVŽI PL VUOVDI PL 'forested valleys, narrow valleys, forests' VUONABAHTA place name VUOVDI 'forest' mannel_po: (VUOSTTAŠ) ABORTA 'the first abortion' (MUHTIN) ÁIGI (MUHTUN) ÁIGI '(some) time' (OANEHAŠ) ÁIGI '(short) time' (DÁID) ÁLGOMÁNNU PL 'these first months' BAJÁSČUOŽŽILEAPMI 'standing up (resurrection?)' BEAIVI 'day' (numeral) BEAIVI '# days' (MOADDE) BEAIVI 'a few days' (OTNÁ) BEAIVI 'today' (RÁHKADUSA) BEAIVI 'preparation day (pharisees came to Pilate)' ČAKČAČIEKČAMAT PL 'fall soccer games/series' (VUOSTTAŠ) ČÁJÁLMAS 'performance' DÁHPÁHUS 'event' (DÁN) DÁHPÁHUS 'that event' (DÁN) ČOAHKKIN 'that meeting' ČOAHKKIN 'meeting' ČUOCCUHUS PL 'assertions' (HEAJOS) DÁLKI '(bad) weather' DAT 'that' DÁT 'that' DEAIVVADEAPMI 'gathering, meeting' DIEHTU 'message' DIIBMOBEALLI 'half hour' DOALUT (PL) 'events, parties' (DIIMMÁ) DOALUT PL 'last year's event' GEAHČČALEAPMI 'test' GEAĐGEÁIGI 'stone age' GEASSELUOPMU 'summer vacation' GEASSI 'summer' GIĐĐADULVI 'spring flood' GIEĐAHALLAN 'processing' (DÁKKÁR) GODDIN PL 'such killings' GOLBMAOKTALAŠVUOHTA 'Trinity (Sunday)' JAHKEBEALLI 'half a year' JAHKEČOAHKKIN 'annual meeting' (MÁŊGGA) JÁHKI (OSKKÁLDAS BARGGU) 'many years of loyal work' (MOADDE) JAHKI 'a few years' (GOLBMA ČUOĐI) [JAHKI] 'three hundred years' JÁNDOR 'day (24 hrs)' (GOLMMA) JIENASTEAPMI '(three) votes' JUOVLABASSI 'Christmas holiday' JUOVLAHERSKO PL 'Christmas food' JUOVLLAT 'Christmas' (JOHKAMOHKI) MÁRKAN PL 'festival/open-air market in Johkamohkki' KONSEARTA 'concert' LIHKOHISVUOHTA 'accident' (DÁKKÁR) MEANNUDEAPMI 'such treatment' MINUHTTA 'minute' (# = numeral) MINUHTTA '(5) minutes' OAHPAHEAPMI 'teaching' OAHPPAN 'learning, education' (ČÁLÁLAŠ) OVDABUKTIN PL '(written) presentations' OVTTASTAHTTIN 'fusion' PERSONNAME POLITIIJAVÁSÁHUS 'police-experience' (BOAHTTE) RÁĐĐEČOAHKKIN '(the next) council meeting' RÁŊGGÁŠTUSČIEVČČASTEAPMI 'penalty kick competition' RIIDOBÁHPPA 'confict-priest' SÁGASTALLAN PL 'conversations' SÁRDNI 'sermon' SKUVLA 'school' SOAHTI 'war' SON 'him' (metonymical time) SON PL 'them' (metonymical time) STUORADIGGEVÁLGA 'parliamentary elections' TROANDIN 'Trondheim' (metonymical time) (DÁN) TURNEA 'tour (of a rock band)' VÁLGA 'election' VÁLGA PL 'elections' (MEASTA JUOHKE) VUODJIN 'nearly every trip' VUORBÁDEAPMI 'lottery drawing' VUORRU 'round (of competition)' mannel_pr: -98 '1998' (?) [DATE] (DÁN) ÁIGI 'that time' ÁIGEMEARRI 'deadline' ÁLGOBÁHČIN 'beginning-shooting' BARGU 'work' BASSI PL 'holiday/weekend' (SU) BEAIVI PL 'after her days (after her death)' BIILALIHKUHISVUOHTA 'car accident' BODDU 'break, pause' BORGEMÁNNU 98 'august 1998' BØRRE KNUDSEN-ÁŠŠI 'the Børre Knudsen case' ČÁLIHEAPMI 'announcement' ČIEKČAN PL 'soccer games' ČIEKČAN SG 'soccer game' ČOAHKKIN 'meeting' (OĐĐA) ČOAHKKIN 'new meeting' DÁHPÁHUS PL 'events' (DAN) DÁHPÁHUS 'that event' DAT 'that' DÁT 'that' DÁNSUN 'dancing' (DAN) DIEĐÁHUS 'notification (of it)' DIIMMÁ SÁMI GRAND PRIX 'last year's Sami Grand Prix' DOARRUN PL 'fighting' DOALLOBISEÁNEAPMI 'statute of limitations' DUOPMOSTUOLLOGUORAHALLAN PL 'court investigations' DUTKAN 'investigation' (DÁN) FEARÁN 'that event' GEASSELUOPMU 'summer vacation' GILVVOHALLAN 'competiting' GIRKU 'church' (metonymtime) GUOTTET 'calving of the reindeer' HEATA 'heat (round of competition)' IPMILBÁLVALUS 'church service' ISKKADEAPMI 'investigation' JAHKI (#) 'the year #' JÁPMIN 'death' JUOVLABEAVDI PL 'Christmas parties' JUOVLLAT 'Christmas' KONSEARTA 'concert' LIVNNETALMMUHEAPMI 'assessment announcement' LOAHPPAČIEKČAN PL 'weekend soccer games' LUOPMU 'vacation' MÁILMMISOAHTI 'world war' (ÁŠŠID) MEANNUDEAPMI 'taking care of matters' MEARKUN 'noticing' MOALLA 'goal' (metonymical time) MOIVI 'confusion' MORAŠ 'grief' (DÁT) OAHPPU 'this education' (SÁMERADIO) OĐASSÁTTA 'Sami Radio news broadcast' OĐĐAJAGIMÁNNU 'January' OHCANÁIGI 'application deadline' (EALLIMA) OVDAMEARKA 'example (of life)' RIIKKAČOAHKKIN 'national meeting' (VUOSTTAŠ) RUOVTTUČIEKČAN 'the first home game (soccer)' SÁHKAVUORRU 'speech' SÁMI CUP 'the Sami cup (competition)' SÁRDNI 'sermon' SII 'them' (metonymical time) SKUVLA 'school' (metonymical time) (GUHKES) SKUVLAJAHKI '(long) school year' SOAHTI 'war' SON 's/he' (metonymical time) (DIEN BEAKKÁN) SOTNABEAIVI '(that famous) Sunday' VUODJIN 'driving' VUODJIN PL 'driving' VUOĐĐUDEAPMI 'founding (of)' VUOSTTAŠVUORRU (JA NUPPI VOURU) 'the first and second rounds' WIRKOLA -- an idiom: njuiket maŋŋel Wirkola -- å hoppe etter Wirkola -- to jump after Wirkola [roughly: a tough act to follow] rasta_po: ÁHPI 'ocean' BÁDDI 'rope' ČEABÁT 'throat' DUOTTAR PL JA RÁŠŠA PL JAVRI PL JA JOHKA PL 'plateaus and mountain ridges, lakes and rivers' EATNU 'river' GEAIDNU 'road' E6 GEAIDNU MÁĐINJÁRGEAIDNU GIELDDA- JA FYLKKARÁDJÁ PL 'municipal and provincial borders' GUOVDAGEAIDNEATNU 'Kautokeino river' (SÁMI) GUOVLU PL, RIIKKARÁDJI PL JA EALÁHUS PL 'Sami territories, state borders and businesses' JÁVRI 'lake' (JIKŊON) JÁVRI 'frozen lake' JEAGGI PL 'bogs' JEAGGI SG 'bog' JEAGGI PL JA JOHKA PL 'bogs and rivers' JIEKŊAÁHPI 'Arctic Ocean' JOHKA 'river' JOHKA PL JA JEAGGI PL 'rivers and bogs' KÁRÁŠJOHKA KULTUREANAN 'cultural property/lands' LUODDA 'path, road' MÁLATVUOTNA 'Málat-fjord' MEARRA PL 'seas' MEARRA SG 'sea' MIEROJOHKA 'name of a river' NUORRI 'sound (body of water)' (GUOKTE) NUORRI '(two) sounds [bodies of water]' OALUL PL 'lower jaw' OSKU- JA EALLINOAIDNORÁDJI PL 'boundaries of religion and lifestyle' RÁDJÁ PL 'border' RÁDJÁ SG 'border' RÁDJI SG 'border' RÁDJI PL 'border' RÁHKU 'crack' RIIK(K)ARÁDJÁ PL 'state borders' RIIK(K)ARÁDJI PL 'state borders' RIIKARÁDJI SG 'state border' (RIIKA) RÁDJI PL 'state borders' RUONÁEANA 'Greenland' (SEKSUÁLA) SODJU PL 'sexual preferences' SEKSUÁLALAŠ SODJU PL 'sexual preferences' SOAVLEROGGI 'ditch full of slush' SUOPMANRÁDJI PL JA RIIKKARÁDJI PL 'dialect borders and state borders' ŠALDI 'bridge' VUOTTAŠJOHKA rasta pr: ÁHPI 'ocean' BIILALUODDA 'street' DAVVIMEARRA 'North Sea' DEATNU DUORGU PL 'fishing lines' (cutting) EATNU 'river' EŊGLÁNDDA KANÁLA 'The English Channel' GEAIDNU 'street' GUOPPAR 'mushroom' (cutting) IEŠJOHKA IVVÁR GEAVLI 'name of a street' JEAGGI 'bog' LÁHTTU 'path' LUODDA 'street' JÁVRI 'lake' JOHKA 'river' JOHTINGEAIDNU PL 'migration routes' KÁRÁŠJOHKA MEARRA 'sea' NUORRI SG 'sound' ČORGAŠNUORRI (GOVDA) NUORRI PL 'wide sounds' OSKKURÁDJI PL 'religious borders' RÁDJÁ SG 'border' RÁDJI PL 'borders' RÁDJI SG 'border' RII(K)KARÁDJI PL 'state borders' RII(K)KARÁDJI SG 'state border' (RIIKKAID) RÁDJÁ PL 'state borders' ROAVVEJOHKA SUOPMA 'Finland' SUORGERÁDJÁ PL 'disciplinary borders' (OVTTA) ŠALDI 'one bridge' ŠILLJU 'yard' VUOTNA 'fjord'